Spinning is a crucial process in the textile industry where drawn-out fibres are wound together to form yarn. Different types of spinners, such as Ring, Rotor, and Air Jet, are used in the textile industry to manufacture various textile fibres. The first step in spinning involves converting the polymer into a fluid state. For thermoplastic polymers, they are melted, while other polymers are chemically treated or dissolved in a solvent to form thermoplastic derivatives. The polymer is then passed through a spinneret, where it solidifies and forms a rubber-like material on cooling.
There are four main types of spinning methods: Dry Spinning, Wet Spinning, Melt Spinning, and Gel Spinning. Dry spinning is used for fibres formed in a solution, where the polymer is solidified by evaporation. Wet spinning is an old process used for fibre forming substances dissolved in a solution and is known as a wet method. Melt spinning involves melting the fibre-forming substance and pushing it through the spinneret, where it solidifies by cooling. Gel spinning is used to obtain high-strength fibres and involves extrusion of the polymer that is not in the true liquid state. These spinning methods are used to produce various fibres like spandex, nylon, olefin, acrylic, rayon, modacrylic, saran, sulfur, and more.
